The Appeal of A Written Business Plan

The Appeal of A Written Business Plan Every business plan involves these components that are key elements in earning your small business plan fuller and more effective. Equally important to discuss is technology licensingif you're licensing core technology from somebody else, you will need to disclose that in your organization program and make certain to include particulars of the financial relationship. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About a Written Business Plan Every startup and little company is unique, so you are going to want to prevent copying a sample plan word for word. At the peak of the webpage, right under your enterprise name, include a one-sentence summary of your business that sums up the essence of what you're doing. Be certain to define provide a review of the way the company is owned also. Every business has some sort of competition and it's vital to present a synopsis in your executive summary. The final, most important part of leveraging your enterprise plan for a growth engine is to schedule a month-to-month review. A business program is going to be the very best indicator which can be employed to judge your potential for success. The main value of your company program is going to be to create a written outline that evaluates all elements of the financial viability of your business venture including a description and analysis of your company prospects. An overview of the industry sector that it will be a part of, including industry trends, major players in the industry, and estimated industry sales. The 5-Minute Rule for a Written Business Plan Therefore, if you're thinking at this time about how to compose a business program, sit down and begin answering the questions outlined above. If you want to create a business program and have a question about what's ideal for your small company or organization, don't hesitate to ask an attorney. Your small business program will be beneficial in a range of means. Whether you've writt en a business plan for a new company or for growing your existing company, at this point you have an all-inclusive guide and the info you should help you get started working on the next phase of your business enterprise. The Basic Facts of a Written Business Plan You want every facet of your enterprise plan to impress (particularly if you're using it to request money). One of the main advantages of writing a business program is simply likely to through the approach. Instead, just include a brief statement indicating how much money you will need to raise to receive your company off the ground. While every business has huge advantages to gain from going through the business planning procedure, only a little subset demands the formal small business plan document necessary for seeking investors or supporting an industrial loan. Things You Should Know About a Written Business Plan When you own a plan, it's very simple to keep track all the activities and transactions you have made. Your plan demonstrates how you'll get from here to there. Usually, a business program is longer than a list on a napkin (although, because you'll see below, it's possibleand sometimes idealto write your whole small business plan on a single page). An excellent financial plan goes a very long approach to help determine when to employ new employees or purchase a new bit of equipment. Developing a plan plan doing help you attain your entrepreneurial targets. Your plan will give the roadmap to attain the success you desire. Picking an action plan after a SWOT analysis is a complex process that is particular to every decision in every corporation. Project plans, sometimes called project frameworks, describe the goals of a certain project. The Importance of a Written Business Plan A business program might also be required if you're planning to conduct business overseas. A business program is able to help you identify clear, deliberate next steps for your enterprise, even when you never plan to pitch investorsand it will be able to help you see gaps in your plan till they become issues. It is not meant to be a static document. It is the subject of many satires. Now you know the way to use a sample business plan to assist you compose a plan for your organization, it's time to get the best one. It's important to get a personal small business plan when you're planning to keep document of all of the transactions you have made. A complete small business program must also incorporate a set of financial projections for the organization. External small business plans, the formal small business plan documents, are intended to be read by outsiders to give details about an organization. Every company is solving an issue for its clients and filling a need in the marketplace. The very first part of your promotion program will cover how you're positioning your business and your products or services offering. Your business plan should incorporate a summary of the sorts of advertising you want to shell out money on. For product businesses, a distribution program is a significant part of the entire business program.

A Child With Adult Consequences Essay - 1688 Words

A Child With Adult Consequences Adults are held accountable for their actions and expected to abide by the laws and if they do not there are consequences to follow. Some punishments can be as little as a monetary fine, or as detrimental as life imprisonment. Today, some children face these exact consequences depending on their actions. Certain children are held accountable for their actions and punished as adults in an adult courtroom depending on the offense and the jurisdiction. According to Youth Justice (2012), â€Å"On any given day, approximately 2,700 young people are locked up in adult prisons† (p. 4). This is hard to understand, because the United States has a juvenile justice system that is centered on rehabilitation and reforming youth into law-abiding citizens. Youth Justice (2012) also claimed, â€Å"On any given night in America 10,000 children are held in adults jails and prisons† (p. 3). Currently, all states participate in serving justice to juveniles even though it is extremely diffi cult. Even though all states have a juvenile justice system in place, they are still able to send children to an adult courtroom to be charged and punished as an adult, otherwise known as the term â€Å"waived.† Children should not be held to the same standards as adults, there is no formal goal or point in punishing a child as an adult, and lastly, juvenile delinquents deserve the most effective treatment and rehabilitation measures available, which is unlikely in the adult criminal justiceShow MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Court : An Adult Offender991 Words   |  4 Pagesrehabilitated than an adult offender. However, in the past years juvenile are committing more violent crimes that suggest they should be tried in criminal courts rather than juvenile courts. It is my belief that if a child under the age of 18 commits a violent crime they should be charged as an adult offender. Certain criteria should be established when charging a juvenile as an adult; at what age should a chil d know right from wrong, the type of crime a child has committed, and if the child is a repeat offenderRead MorePrison for Minors 1372 Words   |  6 Pageseighteen do not fully comprehend the consequences of their actions, exposure to violence as a child influences their actions, and they are not legal adults and should not be held liable for adult consequences. The teenage brain is like a car with a good accelerator but a weak brake. With powerful impulses under poor control, the likely result is a crash.† (Ritter). An adolescent does not have complete power over their impulses, unlike fully developed adults. â€Å"The frontal lobe includes the prefrontalRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Children Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are individuals who act on horrible inexplicable instincts such as molesting a child or even to the point of sexually abusing a child. We as a society are constantly bombarded with reports of extreme sexual abuse cases of children and even infants. When we read or see a report of sexual abuse in the news the first thing that comes to mind is, what sick individual would think to do that to such an innocent child. More often than not the culprit ends up being an individual that fits the profileRead MoreJuveniles Being Tried as Adults1328 Words   |  6 Pagesteenager being tried as an adult has been a very controversial issue. When a juvenile commits a very heinous crime, many believe that that youth deserves to be tried as an adult, and given a full sentence. Some even believe that these juveniles deserve to go to adult prison. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his actions? (Reaves Para 1). What draws the line between a juvenile and adult crime? Sentencing shouldntRead MoreJuveniles Should Not Be Tried As Adults1494 Words   |  6 Pages Juveniles should not be tried as adults because it is proven that children are incapable of making a rational, mature decision on their own. Adolescents have a shorter experience in the world, their brains are still developing, they do not have the same responsibilities or rights as adults and they are easily influenced at this age. Let s say a child around the age of twelve is playing with two other friends at his house. His mother and father both work constantly so these children are alone.Read MoreTrying Juveniles as Adults1404 Words   |  6 Pagesit comes to trying juveniles as adults, it is a strong issue to follow through, but it has been a controversial topic to the public. This topic is a controversial topic even considering that there are numerous arguments to put forth on both sides. There will be stated pros and cons of each side and articles to back up the arguments. Juveniles are defined as children who fall under the age of 18, depending on the state. Even though, som e juveniles are tried as adults despite their under age. In thisRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Worldwide Problem1037 Words   |  5 Pagesyourself being afraid to go home because of what awaits. Child abuse is a worldwide problem and it doesn’t matter what age, religion, gender, or ethnicity you are, it happens everywhere. It is neglecting, emotional, physical, and sexual maltreatment. Child abuse has serious physical and psychological consequences which affect the health and overall well-being of a child. There are different forms of maltreatment, abuse can result in bad consequences, check for signs of abuse, the statistics, and how peopleRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Essay examples1326 Words   |  6 Pagesyears there has been an increase of juvenile cases being transferred into the adult court system. This paper will also look at that process and the consequences of that trend. History and Evolution In the early nineteenth century juveniles were treated the same as adults when it came to the legal system. We did not have separate courts or jails for juveniles and they would often receive the same punishments as adults that had committed crimes. â€Å"At the beginning of the nineteenth century, delinquentRead MoreEssay On Corporal Punishment880 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment, or the act of hitting a child as punishment, has been a topic of debate for many decades now and even though media and most of the country frown upon it, it is still legal in all 50 states. So why is Corporal Punishment still legal? Well, According to the Massachusetts Supreme judicial court, as long as the hitting is â€Å"light†, meant to safeguard the child’s well being, and causes no harm, then its deemed acceptable. While many parents have accepted this outcome that does notRead MorePros and Cons of Spanking996 Words   |  4 Pageshas been discussed. One aspect of disciplin e has been shoved into the dark, the effect on the child. No matter how much it is spoken of children remember what happened to them in their childhood. Whether they were pleasant or not can lead to problems later in life. One debate that shall soon be settled deals with the spanking of children. Some will agree that there is nothing wrong with spanking a child, but some argue that it is wrong. There have been countless arguments over it leading to extreme

The Iran Iraq War free essay sample

World History: Mr. Ricky Waldon| Iran – Iraq War | Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) The Iran-Iraq War permanently altered the course of Iraqi history. It strained Iraqi political and social life, and led to severe economic dislocations. Viewed from a historical perspective, the outbreak of hostilities in 1980 was, in part, just another phase of the ancient Persian-Arab conflict that had been fueled by twentieth-century border disputes. Many observers, however, believe that Saddam Husseins decision to invade Iran was a personal miscalculation based on ambition and a sense of vulnerability. Saddam Hussein, despite having made significant strides in forging an Iraqi nation-state, feared that Irans new revolutionary leadership would threaten Iraqs delicate SunniShia balance and would exploit Iraqs geostrategic vulnerabilitiesIraqs minimal access to the Persian Gulf, for example. In this respect, Saddam Husseins decision to invade Iran has historical precedent; the ancient rulers of Mesopotamia, fearing internal strife and foreign conquest, also engaged in frequent battles with the peoples of the highlands. The Iran-Iraq War was multifaceted and included religious schisms, border disputes, and political differences. Conflicts contributing to the outbreak of hostilities ranged from centuries-old Sunni-versus-Shia and Arab-versus-Persian religious and ethnic disputes, to a personal animosity between Saddam Hussein and Ayatollah Khomeini. Above all, Iraq launched the war in an effort to consolidate its rising power in the Arab world and to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Phebe Marr, a noted analyst of Iraqi affairs, stated that the war was more immediately the result of poor political judgement and miscalculation on the part of Saddam Hussein, and the decision to invade, taken at a moment of Iranian weakness, was Saddams. Iraq claimed territories inhabited by Arabs (the Southwestern oil-producing province of Iran called Khouzestan), as well as Iraqs right over Shatt el-Arab (Arvandroud). Iraq and Iran had engaged in border clashes for many years and had revived the dormant Shatt al Arab waterway dispute in 1979. Iraq claimed the 200-kilometer channel up to the Iranian shore as its territory, while Iran insisted that the thalwega line running down the middle of the waterwaynegotiated last in 1975, was the official border. The Iraqis, especially the Baath leadership, regarded the 1975 treaty as merely a truce, not a definitive settlement. The Iraqis also perceived revolutionary Irans Islamic agenda as threatening to their pan-Arabism. Khomeini, bitter over his expulsion from Iraq in 1977 after fifteen years in An Najaf, vowed to avenge Shia victims of Baathist repression. Baghdad became more confident, however, as it watched the once invincible Imperial Iranian Army disintegrate, as most of its highest ranking officers were executed. In Khuzestan (Arabistan to the Iraqis), Iraqi intelligence officers incited riots over labor disputes, and in the Kurdish region, a new rebellion caused the Khomeini government severe troubles. As the Baathists planned their military campaign, they had every reason to be confident. Not only did the Iranians lack cohesive leadership, but the Iranian armed forces, according to Iraqi intelligence estimates, also lacked spare parts for their American-made equipment. Baghdad, on the other hand, possessed fully equipped and trained forces. Morale was running high. Against Irans armed forces, including the Pasdaran (Revolutionary Guard) troops, led by religious mullahs with little or no military experience, the Iraqis could muster twelve complete mechanized divisions, equipped with the latest Soviet materiel. With the Iraqi military buildup in the late 1970s, Saddam Hussein had assembled an army of 190,000 men, augmented by 2,200 tanks and 450 aircraft. In addition, the area across the Shatt al Arab posed no major obstacles, particularly for an army equipped with Soviet river-crossing equipment. Iraqi commanders correctly assumed that crossing sites on the Khardeh and Karun rivers were lightly defended against their mechanized armor divisions; moreover, Iraqi intelligence sources reported that Iranian forces in Khuzestan, which had formerly included two divisions distributed among Ahvaz, Dezful, and Abadan, now consisted of only a number of ill-equipped battalion-sized formations. Tehran was further disadvantaged because the area was controlled by the Regional 1st Corps headquartered at Bakhtaran (formerly Kermanshah), whereas operational control was directed from the capital. In the year following the shahs overthrow, only a handful of company-sized tank units had been operative, and the rest of the armored equipment had been poorly maintained. For Iraqi planners, the only uncertainty was the fighting ability of the Iranian air force, equipped with some of the most sophisticated American-made aircraft. Despite the execution of key air force commanders and pilots, the Iranian air force had displayed its might during local riots and demonstrations. The air force was also active in the wake of the failed United States attempt to rescue American hostages in April 1980. This show of force had impressed Iraqi decision makers to such an extent that they decided to launch a massive preemptive air strike on Iranian air bases in an effort similar to the one that Israel employed during the June 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Iraqi Offensives, 1980-82 Despite the Iraqi governments concern, the eruption of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran did not immediately destroy the Iraqi-Iranian rapprochement that had prevailed since the 1975 Algiers Agreement. As a sign of Iraqs desire to maintain good relations with the new government in Tehran, President Bakr sent a personal message to Khomeini offering his best wishes for the friendly Iranian people on the occasion of the establishment of the Islamic Republic. In addition, as late as the end of August 1979, Iraqi authorities extended an invitation to Mehdi Bazargan, the first president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to visit Iraq with the aim of improving bilateral relations. The fall of the moderate Bazargan government in late 1979, however, and the rise of Islamic militants preaching an expansionist foreign policy soured Iraqi-Iranian relations. The principal events that touched off the rapid deterioration in relations occurred during the spring of 1980. In April the Iranian-supported Ad Dawah attempted to assassinate Iraqi foreign minister Tariq Aziz. Shortly after the failed grenade attack on Tariq Aziz, Ad Dawah was suspected of attempting to assassinate another Iraqi leader, Minister of Culture and Information Latif Nayyif Jasim. In response, the Iraqis immediately rounded up members and supporters of Ad Dawah and deported to Iran thousands of Shias of Iranian origin. In the summer of 1980, Saddam Hussein ordered the executions of presumed Ad Dawah leader Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Baqr as Sadr and his sister. In September 1980, border skirmishes erupted in the central sector near Qasr-e Shirin, with an exchange of artillery fire by both sides. A few weeks later, Saddam Hussein officially abrogated the 1975 treaty between Iraq and Iran and announced that the Shatt al Arab was returning to Iraqi sovereignty. Iran rejected this action and hostilities escalated as the two sides exchanged bombing raids deep into each others territory, beginning what was to be a protracted and extremely costly war. Baghdad originally planned a quick victory over Tehran. Saddam expected the invasion of the in the Arabic-speaking, oil-rich area of Khuzistan to result in an Arab uprising against Khomeinis fundamentalist Islamic regime. This revolt did not materialize, however, and the Arab minority remained loyal to Tehran. On September 22, 1980, formations of Iraqi MiG-23s and MiG21s attacked Irans air bases at Mehrabad and Doshen-Tappen (both near Tehran), as well as Tabriz, Bakhtaran, Ahvaz, Dezful, Urmia (sometimes cited as Urumiyeh), Hamadan, Sanandaj, and Abadan. Their aim was to destroy the Iranian air force on the grounda lesson learned from the Arab-Israeli June 1967 War. They succeeded in destroying runways and fuel and ammunition depots, but much of Irans aircraft inventory was left intact. Iranian defenses were caught by surprise, but the Iraqi raids failed because Iranian jets were protected in specially strengthened hangars and because bombs designed to destroy runways did not totally incapacitate Irans very large airfields. Within hours, Iranian F-4 Phantoms took off from the same bases, successfully attacked strategically important targets close to major Iraqi cities, and returned home with very few losses. Simultaneously, six Iraqi army divisions entered Iran on three fronts in an initially successful surprise attack, where they drove as far as eight kilometers inland and occupied 1,000 square kilometers of Iranian territory. As a diversionary move on the northern front, an Iraqi mechanized mountain infantry division overwhelmed the border garrison at Qasr-e Shirin, a border town in Bakhtaran (formerly known as Kermanshahan) Province, and occupied territory thirty kilometers eastward to the base of the Zagros Mountains. This area was strategically significant because the main Baghdad-Tehran highway traversed it. On the central front, Iraqi forces captured Mehran, on the western plain of the Zagros Mountains in Ilam Province, and pushed eastward to the mountain base. Mehran occupied an important position on the major north-south road, close to the border on the Iranian side. The main thrust of the attack was in the south, where five armored and mechanized divisions invaded Khuzestan on two axes, one crossing over the Shatt al Arab near Basra, which led to the siege and eventual occupation of Khorramshahr, and the second heading for Susangerd, which had Ahvaz, the major military base in Khuzestan, as its objective. Iraqi armored units easily crossed the Shatt al Arab waterway and entered the Iranian province of Khuzestan. Dehloran and several other towns were targeted and were rapidly occupied to prevent reinforcement from Bakhtaran and from Tehran. By mid-October, a full division advanced through Khuzestan headed for Khorramshahr and Abadan and the strategic oil fields nearby. Other divisions headed toward Ahvaz, the provincial capital and site of an air base. Supported by heavy artillery fire, the troops made a rapid and significant advancealmost eighty kilometers in the first few days. In the battle for Dezful in Khuzestan, where a major air base is located, the local Iranian army commander requested air support in order to avoid a defeat. President Bani Sadr, therefore, authorized the release from jail of many pilots, some of whom were suspected of still being loyal to the shah. With the increased use of the Iranian air force, the Iraqi progress was somewhat curtailed. The last major Iraqi territorial gain took place in early November 1980. On November 3, Iraqi forces reached Abadan but were repulsed by a Pasdaran unit. Even though they surrounded Abadan on three sides and occupied a portion of the city, the Iraqis could not overcome the stiff resistance; sections of the city still under Iranian control were resupplied by boat at night. On November 10, Iraq captured Khorramshahr after a bloody house-to-house fight. The price of this victory was high for both sides, approximately 6,000 casualties for Iraq and even more for Iran. Iraqs blitz-like assaults against scattered and demoralized Iranian forces led many observers to think that Baghdad would win the war within a matter of weeks. Indeed, Iraqi troops did capture the Shatt al Arab and did seize a forty-eight-kilometer- wide strip of Iranian territory. Iran may have prevented a quick Iraqi victory by a rapid mobilization of volunteers and deployment of loyal Pasdaran forces to the front. Besides enlisting the Iranian pilots, the new revolutionary regime also recalled veterans of the old imperial army, although many experienced officers, most of whom had been trained in the United States, had been purged. Furthermore, the Pasdaran and Basij (what Khomeini called the Army of Twenty Million or Peoples Militia) recruited at least 100,000 volunteers. Approximately 200,000 soldiers were sent to the front by the end of November 1980. They were ideologically committed troops (some members even carried their own shrouds to the front in the expectation of martyrdom) that fought bravely despite inadequate armor support. For example, on November 7 commando units played a significant role, with the navy and air force, in an assault on Iraqi oil export terminals at Mina al Bakr and Al Faw. Iran hoped to diminish Iraqs financial resources by reducing its oil revenues. Iran also attacked the northern pipeline in the early days of the war and persuaded Syria to close the Iraqi pipeline that crossed its territory. Irans resistance at the outset of the Iraqi invasion was unexpectedly strong, but it was neither well organized nor equally successful on all fronts. Iraq easily advanced in the northern and central sections and crushed the Pasdarans scattered resistance there. Iraqi troops, however, faced untiring resistance in Khuzestan. President Saddam Hussein of Iraq may have thought that the approximately 3 million Arabs of Khuzestan would join the Iraqis against Tehran. Instead, many allied with Irans regular and irregular armed forces and fought in the battles at Dezful, Khorramshahr, and Abadan. Soon after capturing Khorramshahr, the Iraqi troops lost their initiative and began to dig in along their line of advance. Tehran rejected a settlement offer and held the line against the militarily superior Iraqiforce. It refused to accept defeat, and slowly began a series of counteroffensives in January 1981. Both the volunteers and the regular armed forces were eager to fight, the latter seeing an opportunity to regain prestige lost because of their association with the shahs regime. Irans first major counterattack failed, however, for political and military reasons. President Bani Sadr was engaged in a power struggle with key religious figures and eager to gain political support among the armed forces by direct involvement in military operations. Lacking military expertise, he initiated a premature attack by three regular armored regiments without the assistance of the Pasdaran units. He also failed to take into account that the ground near Susangerd, muddied by the preceding rainy season, would make resupply difficult. As a result of his tactical decision making, the Iranian forces were surrounded on three sides. In a long exchange of fire, many Iranian armored vehicles were destroyed or had to be abandoned because they were either stuck in the mud or needed minor repairs. Fortunately for Iran, however, the Iraqi forces failed to follow up with another attack. Iran stopped Iraqi forces on the Karun River and, with limited military stocks, unveiled its human wave assaults, which used thousands of Basij (Popular Mobilization Army or Peoples Army) volunteers.

Responding to Kohn Why incentive plans can work Essay Example

Responding to Kohn Why incentive plans can work Paper Even if people were principally concerned with their salaries there is no firm basis for the assumption that paying people more will encourage them to do better work or even in the long run, more work. This is the underlying theme of Alfie Kohns arguments in why incentive plans cannot work where Kohn argues of the failure of the behaviorist model of motivation which underlies agency theory and particularly the contracting relationships between the principal (shareholders in the case of public quoted companies) and the agent (the board of directors). This challenge to the legitimacy of the commonly held belief in the power of incentives to motivate individuals to a course of action that is mutually beneficial to the contracting parties is an indirect attack on the agency model and the nature of the contracting relationship. Kohn delves into the nature of work motivation and the notions of intrinsic motivation versus extrinsic motivation and he argues that extrinsic motivators do not create an enduring commitment to any value or action but rather rewards buy only temporary compliance. He goes onto argue that this may in fact be detrimental to organisational success as rewards only motivate people to seek greater rewards while important attributes of successful managers such as creativity and risk taking are replaced by simplicity and predictability in actions. The reward becomes an end in itself and the motivation is there for earnings and performance management to be carried out, especially due to the fact that the directors are privy to information which the shareholders (principal) will only know if the directors choose to truthfully reveal it. We will write a custom essay sample on Responding to Kohn Why incentive plans can work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Responding to Kohn Why incentive plans can work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Responding to Kohn Why incentive plans can work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This paper appears to be highly selective in its selection of examples to demonstrate the failure of motivation theories. Kohn looked at the response of a group of welders at a Midwestern manufacturing company to the removal of financial incentives and came to the conclusion that financial incentives diminished productivity as productivity was seen to increase in the aftermath of the removal of the incentive scheme. Unfortunately, Kohn appears all too easily to rule out the simplest of explanations, that this ineffectiveness of the incentive scheme may have been due to ineffectual implementation. For example, an investigation into the introduction of the first performance related pay scheme at the Inland Revenue by LSE researchers found that the system failed to improve performance and rid inefficiencies at the organisation and arrived at the conclusion that the incentive scheme had in fact slightly reduced performance for some individuals and this was due to a lack of belief in the equity of the reward scheme together with a lack of understanding as to how rewards were allocated/ awarded. Thus we can see that by looking at two similar results we can arrive at two very different explanations and there may in fact be nothing wrong with the underlying basis of incentive systems but merely inappropriate implementation for the particular setting (something which Kohn underplays). No artificial incentive can ever match the power of intrinsic motivation. People who do exceptional work may be glad to be paid and even more glad to be paid well, but they do not work to collect a pay cheque. They work because they love what they do. Although this may be true to some extent in that intrinsically motivating jobs require less compensation than intrinsically less motivating jobs1, people nonetheless require a wage. Nursing is arguably one of the most intrinsically motivating professions yet nursing in the UK is in crisis due to a shortage of qualified personnel who have left the profession due to their poor earnings capability (nursing fails to satisfy the individual rationality constraint). However, the result of pay increases in the sector has been to increase the number of nurses prepared to rejoin the profession. Thus it appears that interest in a job is simply not enough to attain good performance or even participation in the profession if the individuals rationality constraint is not satisfied. However, not everyone gets to do their dream job, so what about the many individuals pursuing less agreeable careers. It seems that extrinsic motivation in the form of rewards can be crucial to ensuring that optimal performance is provided. There is an argument for designing jobs so that people are given more responsibility, less monotony and the opportunity to express creativity, thereby ensuring greater enjoyment of the task. There have been numerous empirical studies that have investigated employee and/ or firm behaviour pre- and post-adoption of a compensation plan and many have illustrated considerable evidence of positive behaviour in response to the introduction of incentives. For example, Lazear (1996) found that the output of workers installing automobile windshields increased after a switch from hourly wages to piece rates. Similarly, Banker et al (1996) found that sales increased after a sales-based performance plan was implemented at a retail establishment and the effect persisted over time. This seems to put a dent into Kohns argument of the temporary nature of the compliance that results from extrinsic motivation offered by incentives. Kohn argues that once the rewards run out, people revert to their old behaviours but this is not at odds with agency theory. If we view the agency relationship as a contractual relationship among individuals who are rational, evaluative utility maximisers, we would expect the contractual parties to take actions to maximise on their own behalf. Thus the basic agency model seeks to tie the agents behaviour to what would be good for the principal by the use of a reward which induces the agent to behave as if he were maximising the principals welfare (the incentive compatibility constraint). The agency model expects the agent to act rationally and behave less than optimally from the principals perspective on the removal of the reward (i. e. at the end of the contract). At the end of the contract, we would expect a new contract to be issued which would again seek to ensure that the agent maximise on the principals behalf by offering a contract that rewards the agent taking into account what the agent could receive elsewhere as well as satisfying the incentive compatibility constraint.

Good-Bye Mr. Chips Essays

Good-Bye Mr. Chips Essays Good-Bye Mr. Chips Paper Good-Bye Mr. Chips Paper Title: Good-bye Mr. Chips Author: James Hilton Point of View: 1st person Setting in time and place: At Mrs. Wickett’s house across the street from the school Main Characters: Mr. Chips- Mr. Chips is the main character of the book. He has devoted his life to teaching children at Brookfield until he died. Katherine Bridges- A younger woman Mr. Chips meets while on vacation. She later marry’s Mr. Chips and soon dies afterwards. Plot Summary: This book is about a man named Mr. Chips. It opens up with him talking about how when â€Å"you are getting on in years† you start to get very sleepy. Mr. Chips is a school teacher. He has been teaching at the Brookfield school for many years. He has even taught generations of children and their families. He lives at Mrs. Wikett’s house just across the street from the school. His dream was to get a headship or senior mastership in a really first class school. But he then realized he didn’t have the qualifications for it. Mr. Chips always liked to have the boys from his school come over his house and have tea while getting to know them better. In the spring of 1896 he was forty-eight and went on vacation with his friend Rowden. : While on their vacation Rowden was suddenly called away on family business, so Mr. Chips was then left there alone. While climbing on Great Gable he saw a woman waving from a cliff that looked quite dangerous so he thought she was in trouble and attempted to go help her but instead he accidentally hurt himself. The woman wasn’t in danger she was just being friendly, so now she went to go help Mr. Chips instead. They began to know each other a bit better. Her name was Katherine Bridges; she was twenty-five, young enough to be Chips daughter. At first she thought of him as old quiet and serious. Then after a while her mind changed, and they both soon started to like each other and got married in London. She made him into a whole new person! He became more adventurous, popular, and gained sureness. Then on April fools, of 1898 Katherine died! Later on in the book we meet a guy named Ralston, he is the new head of the school. Ralston really doesn’t like Chips and keeps forcing him to resign. Chips does not want to resign and nobody else wants him to either so he stays. In 1911 Ralston left to better himself. During the year of 1913 Chips had bronchitis and was forced to resign since he already had missed almost the whole year of school. He has been there for forty-two years! Then a few years later, they want him back so he starts teaching there again! On November 11, 1918 Chips was in bed with bronchitis, as a result of this he had to resign again for the second time. Even though he never had any children, he felt as if all his students were his own. Over fifteen years later Chips died; â€Å"Brookfield will never forget his lovableness. † Conflict: The conflict of this story is about Mr. Chips and how he gets older and older throughout the book.

About the Balfour Declaration of 1917

About the Balfour Declaration of 1917 The Balfour Declaration was a November 2, 1917 letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Rothschild that made public the British support of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration led the League of Nations to entrust the United Kingdom with the Palestine Mandate in 1922. Background The Balfour Declaration was a product of years of careful negotiation. After centuries of living in a diaspora, the 1894 Dreyfus Affair in France shocked Jews into realizing they would not be safe from arbitrary antisemitism unless they had their own country. In response, Jews created the new concept of political Zionism in which it was believed that through active political maneuvering, a Jewish homeland could be created. Zionism was becoming a popular concept by the time World War I began. World War I and Chaim Weizmann During World War I, Great Britain needed help. Since Germany (Britains enemy during WWI) had cornered the production of acetone- an important ingredient for arms production- Great Britain may have lost the war if Chaim Weizmann had not invented a fermentation process that allowed the British to manufacture their own liquid acetone. It was this fermentation process that brought Weizmann to the attention of David Lloyd George (Minister of Ammunitions) and Arthur James Balfour (previously the Prime Minister but at this time the First Lord of the Admiralty). Chaim Weizmann was not just a scientist; he was also the leader of the Zionist Movement. Diplomacy Weizmanns contact with Lloyd George and Balfour continued, even after Lloyd George became prime minister and Balfour was transferred to the Foreign Office in 1916. Additional Zionist leaders such as Nahum Sokolow also pressured Great Britain to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Although Balfour, himself, was in favor of a Jewish state, Great Britain particularly favored the declaration as an act of policy. Britain wanted the United States to join World War I and the British hoped that by supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine, the world Jewish community would be able to sway the U.S. to join the war. Announcing the Balfour Declaration Though the Balfour Declaration went through several drafts, the final version was issued on November 2, 1917, in a letter from Balfour to Lord Rothschild, president of the British Zionist Federation. The main body of the letter quoted the decision of the October 31, 1917, British Cabinet meeting. This declaration was accepted by the League of Nations on July 24, 1922, and embodied in the mandate that gave Great Britain temporary administrative control of Palestine. The White Paper In 1939, Great Britain reneged on the Balfour Declaration by issuing the White Paper, which stated that creating a Jewish state was no longer a British policy. It was also Great Britains change in policy toward Palestine, especially the White Paper, that prevented millions of European Jews to escape from Nazi-occupied Europe to Palestine before and during the Holocaust. The Balfour Declaration Foreign OfficeNovember 2nd, 1917Dear Lord Rothschild,I have much pleasure in conveying to you, on behalf of His Majestys Government, the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations which has been submitted to, and approved by, the Cabinet.His Majestys Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.Yours sincerely,Arthur James Balfour

Marx and Weber on the Transition to Capitalist Modernity Essay

Marx and Weber on the Transition to Capitalist Modernity - Essay Example Thus, the predicate "modern" specifies not historical time, but to the degree of development of on what it is applied. Two moments – the representation of capitalism as universal transhistorical process and the concentrated expression of the capitalistic nature not in its basis, and in its superstructure named by "spirit of capitalism", - the researchers distinguish the concept of M. Weber from similar concepts of his ideological opponent K.Marx. It is possible to be expressed so: Weber adhered to a principle of plurality of historical forms of capitalism and Marx supported the thesis of the uniqueness of capitalism. Â  The ethical additive to the former forms of capitalism allowing them to become modern capitalism, according to Weber, is a qualitative change. Between "old" capitalism what Marx has had time to find, and "new" capitalism what Weber looked at, the distance of the huge size lays. The critical descriptions of capitalism (sale of children in slavery, prostitution, criminality, merciless operation of workers, falsification of products, brutal working conditions and a life, unemployment and poverty) which we meet on pages of "Capital" by K.Marx, should concern, according to Weber’s logic, not to the modern civilized capitalism, but to the vestiges of the old, adventurous capitalism which has historically settled. Â  The main thing, that differs the approach of M. Weber from similar attempts to explain an origin and evolution of K.Marx’s capitalism, is the concept of the motivation of labor activity. Anybody from them at all has not mentioned and has not explained, why the traditional thinking and the traditional attitude to work brakes the promotion to a market economy and interferes with an increase in labor productivity.

What do you understand by globalisation Discuss who- if anybody, is Essay

What do you understand by globalisation Discuss who- if anybody, is benefiting from different aspects - Essay Example The policy changes have opened up borders domestically and internationally hence facilitating the movements of goods and services and causing massive migration across the globe (Johnson, 2002, 428). Many nations have adopted free-market economies thus expanding investment and trading opportunities, as well as expansion of production potential. The advancement in technology is the main driver of globalization and is making people develop the capacity for making informed decisions (Intriligator, 2003, p. 3). The use of information technology and the use of internet have increased the interactions of people through use of mobile phones and the use of social media such as facebook, twitter, YouTube and MySpace among others. The interactions of people have resulted to peace and understanding across the globe. The interaction of people from different cultural backgrounds has improved the way people respond to various issues (Thompson, 2007, p. 1). Different people have enriched their culture by copying positive aspects of the other people’s culture thus improving their living standards. For example, the Western culture has imposed significant changes in the cultures of developing nations in a positive way. The religion of the Western communities has been accepted in the developing countries (Dator, 2006, p. 23). The building styles of the Western countries have been greatly appreciated in other communities and so on. The governments from different nations have benefitted from globalisation because, through the movement of goods and people across nations, the governments are able to increase revenue. Globalisation has resulted to exports and imports of products across the globe (Intriligator, 2003, p. 7). The governments levy custom duties on imports thus increasing the nations’ income. The world nations are able to increase their GDP because they have the opportunity to produce products for sale in other

Web site in relation to the eLearning age Essay Example for Free

Web site in relation to the eLearning age Essay Electronic Learning, which is frequently called as eLearning is a form of TSL (Technology-Supported Learning) in which the presence of computer technology system is compulsory as the mean of conveying a wide range of information. This paper aims to show advantages of this Web-based or online educational training system through one of the world’s famous wikis—the Wikipedia. Furthermore, it provides an outline with regard to the critical review on the eLearning along with selected empirical items of information or data. Wiki: A collaborative Web site in relation to the eLearning age Wiki (software), from its Hawaiian term for quick developed by Ward Cunningham, accumulates a variety of Web pages for a collaborative works on Web-based educational training or resources (Encyclop? dia Britannica Online, 2009). One of the world’s well-known wikis is a non-profit organization of Wikimedia Foundation—the Wikipedia. According to the official Web site of the Wikipedia, it is a â€Å"multilingual, Web-based, free-content encyclopedia project,† which is written by registered users (freelance writers and online editors) from different parts of the World. As its comprehensible representation in the world of information and communication technology, Wiki is a type of Web-based application (such as Web 2. 0), which is being edited by someone else such as freelance writers who contribute various articles on line and virtual editors who do the editing job anywhere in the real time. For a better comprehension with such a conceptualization, Rob Edmonds’s book entitled ‘Up from the grassroots’ shows the significant and real advantages of the Wiki (software) in the lives of the number of people during the digital era. Major Idea or Essential Part of the Book Through Wiki software, most companies whether for-profit or not-for-profit organizations are able to provide the most methodological and/or advantageous system of fostering a wide range of information from the various resources. Edmonds’s ‘Up from the grassroots’ shows the fact along with the comprehensive data and empirical bases that which concerns the beneficial factors of clinging to the modern style of collaboration. Wiki, according to the conceptualization and personal experience of the author, such a Web-based application or the online educational resources makes every thing easier—from contributing the written articles on line via the Wiki software of a particular Web site to conducting a research of what other members have made and uploaded on the Web site’s system, which uses Wiki. A Critical Analysis on the Conceptualization of Wiki As an analysis of the major points of the author with regard to ‘clinging on the Wiki for certain Web-based applications of eLearning,’ it becomes quite easy to distinguish its beneficial factors to the number of people around the world (â€Å"Up from the grassroots,† 2006). First, even though some of the Wiki applications help people collaborate with the various works on line such as fostering different items of information from published books in the library to digital copies on the Internet, yet, it is considered as â€Å"informal learning† for a reason that learning takes place anywhere. While formal education or learning is done in a school, most users/visitors who stumbled on the Web site, which provides a wide range of data or instructions, are able to learn in any convenient places anytime they want. Nevertheless, such concern does not give more troubles or disadvantages, as the issue with regard to informal learning is concerned; as long as it broadens the bounds of knowledge sharing, it may help support every individual to learn new information. Furthermore, Wiki does not only help support people in terms of online education or eLearning solutions, but it also provides interactive communications for software’s users. Additionally, most companies rely on the Wiki software to provide their clients with the easiest system of creating Web sites and online databases. Hence, as a critical review on the entire conceptualization of the author, it becomes quite easy to distinguish his point of view—the possibility to create a more strategic and systematic way of uploading information from an individual source via this web-based application software. Therefore, as an observation, it becomes quite easy for every individual (particularly the reader) to be well-informed, as the book provides with insightful information and ideas with regard to the Wiki (A collaborative Web site in relation to the eLearning age). Given those world-renowned Web sites and companies used in the book as the reliable sources to represent the author’s perspective, Edmonds’s ‘Up from the grassroots’ motivates every reader to delve into a deeper knowledge of clinging to the Wiki application resources, which provide the easiest way of collaborating with research stuffs such as articles, information, communication etc. Conclusion I have learned essentially from every concept or perspective of the author and it urged me to seek different ways to criticize its objective—why it is written and to whom it is written for. Upon a critical analysis of the entire book, the paper is intended to give more information with regard to the process of online collaboration. It is written for every individual, particularly the people whose passion is to collaborate with one another; conduct certain research strategies and work on various subjects in an easier manner. Moreover, given the insightful explication concerning the various enterprises such as the â€Å"Microsoft, CommSecure, Novell, Bank of America and GlaxoSmithKline,† which cling to this Web-based application software, it gives additional empirical bases on the reliable materials contributed by the book per se (â€Å"Up from the grassroots,† 2006). This means that the materials used in the book shows reliability as to the scholastic issues and contemporary concerns. Moreover, as an analysis of the contents of the book, this is still valid as the issue with regard to the current trends for online collaboration or wikis is involved. Nevertheless, there are changes happened since the book is first published; more Web sites existed and now are apt for discussing the author’s perspective. References Edmonds, R. (2006). Up from the grassroots. E. learning Age. ABI/INFORM Global, pp. 14-16 Wiki. (2009). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: Babylon Dictionary and Translation Software Wikipedia: About. (2009) In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wikipedia:About

What is a technical language :: essays research papers

What is technical language? Scientists have tried to come up with a definition since the beginning of the 18th century, therefore many interpretations have been made. They started to discuss terms and vocabularies in order to define technical language. A couple of years later they emphasized the importance of text and nowadays they are talking about text from a communication aspect. The Anglo-Saxon society regarded a language to be a system, therefore they found little interest in technical language. This is one of the reasons why technical language often has remained scattered. However, this was not the case within the School of Prague. They found socio linguistics as well as technical language very interesting. The School of Prague used a horizontal dimension to describe the classification of technical language areas. A vertical dimension was used to describe the different layers of usage. The third dimension was based on expressions and communication, oral as well as written. The dimension dealing with communication is frequently used to find out whether a text should be classified as technical language or not. The result can be seen as a cube. A negative aspect when studying this model is that it can easily be misunderstood. When a sender and a receiver are experts in the subject discussed, they will probably use technical language. On the other hand, they might have different knowledge and it is possible that they will discuss new information. The main idea is that they have the possibility to use the established technical language. Nevertheless, it is almost impossible to separate strict technical language from colloquial language. A scale has been made to classify the different levels of technical language in the area of geography. We are clearly dealing with technical language when the sender and the receiver have the same knowledge about a specific subject e.g. communication between geographers. The next level is when the sender has to introduce the subject to the receiver e.g. when a geographer communicates with a student. And the final level is when the sender has to explain everything to the receiver e.g. when a geographer communicates with an amateur. Text type, a sort of style pattern, is a term that can be found in technical language. A textbook is one example. Technolects are found in heavy scientific material for example reports whereas text types occur in less complicated compositions such as business letters.

Internal factors for HR planning Essay

Organisational needs: A demand for goods and services in an organisation needs to be considered. If there is a high demand of good/services, the organisations’ staffs have to cope with the demand or they need to employ more staff. The organisation can use sales trends to help in planning. Technological changes: Where there is technology available, organisations can increase production without necessarily increasing in staff. Staff can be re-trained to use the technology but not all employees welcome technology and could be resistant to change. A skills audit can help to identify suitable staff for training. Skills requirements: In Newham General Limited the abilities of the present workforce is a crucial piece of HR arranging as it empowers a business to develop a profile of the preparation, experience and capabilities that representatives as of now have. This is critical whether the business is capital escalated or work serious. As the nature and kind of work changes inside of an association, so do the abilities basics. Location of production: Some organisations may look for areas where labour is cheap and move their businesses there. The final decision will be based on whether there are sufficient qualified staffs available to do the task. Workforce profile: A workforce profile is a description and analysis of the current staff. They could be questions in the profile such as the skills they have and how well they are performing. Also one of the questions could be what the age of the staff is. Teleworking: Teleworking is very important in HR planning and can save an expensive office cost. With Teleworking one desk is enough for a number of workers since they are all not in the office at the same time. External factors of HR planning: Supply of Labour: This enables the organization to know where labour is coming from. In the event that their arrangement shows labour is originating from outside of the organization then demand job/unemployment patterns and pay rate. Labour cost: In order to attract employees, an employer must provide pay and conditions to match those in comparable jobs elsewhere. If an organisation finds it labour cost expensive it might relocate to areas where labour is cheap. Government policy: With the presentation of new working environment agreeability benchmarks your HR office is always underweight to stay inside of the law. These sorts of regulations impact each procedure of the HR office, including employing, preparing, pay, end, and considerably more. Changing nature of business: A job for life used to be a standard thought in the working environment, yet now representatives require a more extensive scope of abilities and be willing to change head honcho and employment part to stay in work. Overnight meeting expectations, adaptable working hours and telecommuting are currently typical in the work environment. Level hierarchical structures mean workers may need to move to get advancement. Unit 16 P2 What are your skills? Carrying out a skills audit will help you to analyse the skills which you have developed during your research career and develop a skills profile. The profile created by the skills audit is a key instrument for CV building and confirming abilities at an interview. An abilities review will help you recognize gaps in your abilities set and organize any preparation needs you may have. When you know your preparation need you can arrange for how to meet them viably.

Relative Frequency

1. Assume the resting heart rates for a sample of individuals are normally distributed with a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 15. Use the 68-95-99 rule to find the following quantities: a. Percentage of rates less than 70 = 50% b. Percentage of rates less than 55 = 16% c. Relative frequency of rates less than 40 = 2. 5% d. Percentage of rates less than 85 = 84% e. Relative frequency of rates less than 100 = 97. 5% f. Percentage of rates greater than 85 = 16% g.Percentage of rates greater than 55 = 84% h. Relative frequency of rates greater than 40 = 97. 5% i. Percentage of rates between 55 and 85 = 68% j. Percentage of rates between 70 and 100 = 47. 5% 2. Here are the results of four of your test: | | Your score | Mean |Standard Deviation | |Math (out of 100) |70 |80 |3. | |QM (out of 20) |20 |18 |3 | |RM (out of 100) |66 |75 |5 | |History (out of 30) |28 |20 |3. 5 | a. Present all four results on a standardized normal curve. Be sure to present the calculations for each test. Math: (70 – 80) / 3. 3 = -3. 03 *QM: (20 – 18) / 3 = 0. 67 *RM: (66 – 75) / 5 = -1. 8 *History: (28 – 20) /3. 5 = 2. 29 [pic] Math RM QM History b. What is the percentage of people who have a better mark than you in math? My math’s mark is -3. 03 ( 49. 88 is the area between Mean and z. (50% + 49. 88) 99. 88% of people get a better mark than me in math. c. What is the percentage of people who have a lower mark than you in RM? I got -1. 8 ( 35. 99 (50 – 35. 99) 14. 1% of people have a lower mark than me in RM d. Which test is the best? Explain The best test is the History one, since it has the highest z-score, 2. 29. There is a high superiority between my mark and the mark’s average of the class. I’m 98. 9% over the class. 98. 9% of people got a lower mark than me in History. 3. Pediatric data reveal that the average child is toilet trained at 26 months, but that there is a 2-month standard deviation from this norm. a. What perc entage of children are toilet-trained by 23 months? 50 – 35. 31) 14. 69% of children are toilet-trained by 23 months. b. A mother is concerned that her son was trained at 30 months. What is the probability of having a child being trained at 30 months? (50 – 47. 72) 2. 28% is the probability of having a child being trained at 30 months. c. A mother is pleased that her daughter is trained at 18 months. How common is it that a child would be toilet trained at this age? (50 – 49. 997) There is . 003 of probabilities that a child would be toiled trained at 18 months. 4.Assume the scores among Asian Americans on an alienation scale are normally distributed with a mean of 22 and a standard deviation of 2. 5 (higher scores reflect greater feelings of alienation). Based on this distribution, determine a. The probability of an Asian American having an alienation score between 22 and 25 The probability of an Asian American having an alienation score between 22 and 25 is 38 . 49%. b. The probability of an Asian American having an alienation score of 20 or less. (50 – 28. 81) The probability of an Asian American Having an alienation score of 20 or less is 21. 19%.

Theorems Essays - Quadrilaterals, Elementary Geometry, Free Essays

Theorems Essays - Quadrilaterals, Elementary Geometry, Free Essays Theorems postulate1-3given AB and a # r between 0 and 180, there is exactly one ray w/ endpoint A,extending on each side ofAB, such that the measure of the angle formed is r postulate1-4if r is in the interior of pqs,then Mpqr+Mrqs=Mpqs.if Mpqr+Mrqs then R is in thr interior of angle pqs postulate 2-2through any 3 points not on the same line there is exactly one plane law of detachmentif P*Q is a true conditional and P is true,then Q is true law of syllogismif P*Q and Q*R are true conditionals,then P*R is also true theorem2-1congruence of segments is reflexive,symmetric and transitive theorem2-2if 2 angles form a linear pair, then they r supplementary angles theorem2-3congruence of angles is reflexive,symmetric,and transitive theorem2-4angles supplementary to the same angle or to the congruent angles r congruent theorem2-5angles complementary to the same angle or to congruent angles r congruent theorem2-6all right angles r congruent theorem2-7vertical angles r congruent theorem2-8perpindicular lines intersect to form 4 right angles skew lines-2 lines r skew if they dont intersect and r not in the samn plane postulate3-1 if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal,then each pair of corresponding angles is congruent theorem3-1if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal,then each pair of alternate interior angles in congruent theorem3-2if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal,then each pair of consec. int. angles is supp. theorem3-3if 2 // lines r cut by a transversal,then each pair of alternate ext. angles is congruent theorem3-4in a plane,if a line is perp. to 1 of 2 // lines,then it is perp. to the other postulate3-42 nonvertical lines have the same slope if and only if they r //. postulate3-52 nonvertical lines r perp. if and only if the product of their slopes is -1 theorem4-3the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the 2 remote interior angles CPCTC- 2 triangles r congruent if and only if their corresponding parts r congruent theorem4-4congruence of triangles is reflexive,transitive and symmetric theorem4-6if 2 sides of a triangle r congruent,then the angles opp. the sides r congruent theorem4-7if 2 angles of a triangle r congruent,then the sides opp. those angles r congruent theorem4-3a triangle is equilateral if and only if it is equiangular theorem5-1 a point on the perp. bisector of a seg. is equidistant from the endpoints of the seg. theorem5-2a point equidistant from the endpoints of a seg. lies in the perp. bisector of the seg. theorem5-3a point on the bisector of an angle is equidistant from the sides of the angle theorem5-4a point in the interior of or on an angle and equidistant from the sides of an angle lies on the bisector of the angle theorem5-5if the legs of 1 rt. triangle r congruent to the corr. legs of another rt. triangle, then the triangles r congruent theorem5-6if the hypotenuse and an acute angle of 1 rt. triangle r congruent to the hyp. and corr. acute angle of another rt. triangle,then the 2 triangles r congruent theorem5-9if 1 side of a triangle is longer than the other side,then the angle opp. the longer side is greater than the angle opp. the shorter side theorem5-11the perp.seg. froma point to a line is ythe shortest seg. from the point to the line theorem5-12the sum of the lenghts of any 2 sides of a triangle is greater than the lenght of the third side theorem6-1opp. sides and angles of a parallelogram r congruent theorem6-4the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other theorem6-5if both pairs of opp. sides of a quad. r congruent,the the quad is a parallelogram theorem6-6if 1 pair of opp. sides of a quad. r both parallel and congruent, then the quad. is a parallelogram theorem6-7if the diagonals of a quad. bisect each other,then the quad. is a parallelogram theorem6-8if both pairs of opp. angles in a quad r congruent,then the quad is a parallelogram theorem6-9if a paralellogram is a rectangle then its diagonals r congruent theorem6-10the diagonals of a rhombus r perp. theorem6-11each diagonal of a rhombus bisects a pair of opp. angles theorem6-12both pairs of base angles of an isoceles trapezoid r congruent theorem6-13the diagonals of an isoceles trapezoid r congrient theorem6-14the mediand of a trapezoid is parallel to the bases and its measure is one half the sum of the measures of the bases

The Value of the You Attitude in Professional Writing

The Value of the 'You Attitude' in Professional Writing The you attitude is more than a matter of playing with  pronouns or even of playing nice. Its good business. In professional writing, the you attitude means looking at a topic from the readers point of view (you) instead of our own (me): Me Attitude: I have requested that your order is sent out today.You Attitude: You will receive your order by Wednesday. In emails, letters, and reports, emphasizing what our readers want or need to know is likely to generate goodwill and lead to positive results. Why It's All About You, You, You Put yourself in the readers place and think about the kinds of emails and letters that you like to receive. Messages that are stuffy, pushy, and vague? Unlikely. Messages that elicit a positive response are generally positive themselves: courteous and considerate, with just enough information to anticipate the most common questions and concerns. In any case, dont make your message all about me or us. If youre trying to persuade your readers to buy a product, accept an offer, pay a bill, or perform a service for you, emphasize whats in it for them. You're in Good Hands or Maybe Not Heres an excerpt from a letter (addressed to Insured followed by a ten-digit number) that shows a marked insensitivity to the you attitude: As a participating company of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), policies written through Allstate Flood are subject to periodic reviews by the Risk Mitigation Unit of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This review process serves to ensure that policies have been properly rated based on the supporting documentation provided and according to the rules and regulations set forth by the NFIP... The above referenced policy was reviewed by the Flood Service Center and it has been determined that this policy has been rated incorrectly, or that additional information or clarification of submitted documentation is required to ensure that the policy has been properly rated. The following items are needed to complete the underwriting file and establish the proper rate for this account ... Clearly, its going to take more than a ​you to fix this letter. For one thing, theres not even a ​we here. The persistent use of the passive voice obscures any sense of a human subject a problem also demonstrated by the signature line, which reads (sincerely and monolithically), Allstate Flood Underwriting. One presumption of the you attitude is that both writer and reader are real people. But like the wrapper on a loaf of Wonder Bread, the Allstate letter might just as well say, Never touched by human hands. The multiple-choice format of the second paragraph only deepens the mystery. Just who reviewed, determined, and rated? Thats not for us to know. Has the policy been rated incorrectly for the past eight years, and if so, when and how did this blunder come to light? Has information been misplaced dropped behind a filing cabinet, say, or deleted by a clumsy intern? All things are possible in the stilted language of this form letter, and nothing is certain. Except for one thing, of course: it looks like our rates are going up again. Five Guidelines for Writing With the "You Attitude" Establish a good, respectful relationship with your readers by addressing them directly, writing in the active voice and using the second person (you, your, and yours), not just the first (I, me, mine, we, us, and ours).Try to empathize with your readers. Ask yourself: what do they want, what do they need to know, and whats in it for them? Rather than focus on your product, your service, or yourself, stress how your readers will benefit from complying with your message.Earn the respect of your readers by being courteous, tactful, and gracious.And finally, if youre ever tempted to write it should go without saying, stifle the impulse.

Conservation and environmental management Assignment

Conservation and environmental management - Assignment Example ldlife Conservation and Solar Energy Development in the Desert Southwest article and evaluates the effects of USSEDO facility on wildlife and the environment (Lovich & Ennen, 2011, 982). Paradoxically, the use of the natural renewable resources in large scale is no longer considered environmental friendly; it has conflicted with conservation to wildlife. These alternatives of energy sources have impacted further given the current biodiversity of the arid condition of the South west region. Information published regards the potential effects and impacts direct and indirect of renewable energy on the wildlife. Several endangered species have been affected either directly or indirectly by the USSED. According to Kristan and Boarman area covered by Agassiz’s desert tortoise, is approximated to be 161,949 ha of land habituated has been affected directly by USSED. It has been further stated that an approximation of 769,230 ha has been affected given both direct and indirect impacts of the USSED (Lovich & Ennen, 2011, 983). Common impacts of utility scale solar energy are majorly caused by construction and decommission of energy facilities. Construction involves the ground excavation and disturbance of endangered animal species found in this region. Another effect caused by USSED is through its operation and maintenance of solar facility. These are factors that arise as a result of operation of the facility in the environ neighboring which causes mortality of the wildlife. Potential effects of construction and decommission of energy facility involve direct impacts of ground disturbance and indirect impacts of habitat loss and degradation of the wildlife. Construction activities in these wildlife inhabited areas causes large amount of dust emission while constructing road and other network in the region hence, causing environmental pollution. Mortality of Subterranean animals is directly affected by USSED. Activities involving movement of the motor vehicles entrap

Right to Refuse Treatment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Right to Refuse Treatment - Research Paper Example The right to refuse treatment is now well established for some kinds of patients, especially in cases of psychiatric treatment. Different states have adopted various procedures of addressing the right to refuse treatment and for the overriding of this refusal. Oregon's administrative procedure for override depends on an evaluation by an independent examining psychiatrist. Every state has laws governing the right to refuse medical treatment and advance directives about this right. It is essential for nurses to ensure that they are familiar with the legislations of their state. There is a complex relationship between the right to refuse treatment and the right to treatment. The Right to refuse treatment includes the right to refuse involuntary hospitalization. (Godard, Bloom, Williams, and Faulkner, 1998) More often than not, Nurses find themselves in the front line when the situation arises to deal with patients that refuse medication or treatment. Evidently, a voluntary patient has the right to refuse treatment and must not be treated against his or her consent, with the exception being in situations in which the patient becomes actively to others or to himself. The right to refuse treatment is closely related to the rights of the Mentally Disabled Persons, and every Nurse is required to be familiar with the guidelines laid down in the laws of the State in which they practice, so that they can administer medications properly to committed patients as well involuntary patients. Within the last 30 years, there has been a shift in opinion concerning patients’ right to make their own medical treatment decisions.

Restaurant Comparison Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restaurant Comparison - Assignment Example TGI Fridays also uses the service but it can be seen that the company strongly relies on the services that are offered by the workers. 2. For McDonalds, this servicescape has a positive influence on customer perceptions of the overall service experience given that it is designed to reflect the organization’s way of doing business. The service is designed in such a way that it portrays the company as unique and offering special products that cannot be matched by other competitors. Focus is put on the burgers that are offered by the company. on the other hand, TGI Fridays specifically focus on the core aspects that shape its business such as fried chips and chicken. 3. Physical characteristics such as color, lighting, shapes and sound in each servicescape significantly influence the customer’s experience. Essentially, the whole service is mainly designed to appeal to the senses of hearing as well as sight such that the customers can experience something new as soon as they visit the premises. The motion pictures are colorful and they appeal to the interests of the customers since they have been designed in a captivating way. 4. Both restaurants use state of the art equipment in order to attract many customers. The furniture is carefully designed and the floors are tiled in different styles such that they look attractive to different people who may happen to visit the places. McDonalds offers drive through services and these are very convenient to the customers. 5. McDonalds uses the servicescape as a differentiator in that it helps the workers to improve their performance. For instance, through the use of video, the employees are in a better position to see what is happening in every corner of the restaurant. This can also help the workers to respond quickly to the customers. Fridays on the other hand uses this particular service to improve the efficiency of the employees in their service delivery. The employees have a clear view of

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Regina Marin Gas is called the state of matter in which, under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, its molecules cross-react only weakly with each other without forming molecular bonds, taking the shape and volume of their container and tending to separate , and expand, their best for their high kinetic energy. Gases are highly compressible fluids that experience large changes in density with temperature and pressure. Molecules constituting a gas almost are not attracted by each other, so that they move in space at high speed and quite separated from each other, thus explaining the properties: The gas molecules are virtually free, so that they are able to be distributed throughout the space in which they are contained. The gravitational attraction and forces between molecules are negligible compared to the rate at which the molecules are moving. Gases completely occupy the volume of their container. Gases have no definite shape, embracing the vessels containing them. Can easily be compressed, because there are large gaps between molecules, and other. At ambient temperature and pressure gases can be elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine and noble gases, compounds such as carbon dioxide or propane, or mixtures like air. For the thermal behavior of particles of matter there are four measurable quantities that are of great interest: pressure, volume, temperature and mass of the sample material (or better amount of substance, measured in moles). Any gas is considered a fluid because it has properties that allow it to behave as such. Its molecules in constant motion, colliding elastically with each other and against the walls of the vessel containing the gas, against which exert a constant pressure. If the gas is heated, the heat energy is spent on kinetic energy of the molecules, that is, the molecules move more quickly, so that the number of collisions with the walls of the vessel increases in number and energy. As a consequence the gas pressure increases, and if the container walls are not rigid, gas volume increases. A gas tends to be chemically active because its molecular surface is also large, that is, to be its particles in continuous motion colliding with each other, this makes it easier the contact between a substance and another, increasing the rate of reaction in compared to liquid or solid. To better understand the behavior of a gas, where studies are conducted with respect to the ideal gas, although it never actually exists and its properties are: A pure gaseous substance consists of molecules of the same size and mass. A gaseous mixture is formed by different molecules in size and mass. Due to the large distance between molecules and other and that move at high speed, the forces of attraction between the molecules are considered negligible. The size of the gas molecules is very small, so that the volume occupied by the molecules is negligible compared with the total volume of the container. The density of a gas is very low. The gas molecules are in constant motion at high speed, so continuously collide elastically with each other and against the walls of their container. As part of the kinetic theory, the gas pressure is explained as the macroscopic result of the forces involved by collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container. The pressure can thus be defined with reference to the microscopic properties of the gas. The kinetic theory of gases is a physical and chemical theory that explains the behavior and macroscopic properties of gases (ideal gas law), from a statistical description of the microscopic molecular processes. The kinetic theory was developed based on studies of physical and Daniel Bernoulli in the eighteenth century, Ludwig Boltzmann and James Clerk Maxwell in the late nineteenth century. This branch describes the thermal physical properties of the gases. These systems contain huge numbers of atoms or molecules, and the only reasonable way to understand the thermal properties based on molecular mechanics, we find certain dynamical quantities of average type and relate the observed physical properties of the system with t hese properties averaged molecular dynamics . Techniques to relate the overall macroscopic behavior of material systems with the average behavior of their molecular components are statistical mechanics. The main theorems of the kinetic theory are: The number of molecules is large and the average separation between them is large compared with their dimensions. Therefore occupy an insignificant volume when compared to the volume of the container and are considered point masses. The molecules obey Newton's laws, but individually they move randomly, each with different rates, but with an average speed that does not change with time. The molecules perform elastic collisions with each other, therefore both the linear momentum is conserved as the kinetic energy of the molecules. The gas is considered pure, in other words all molecules are identical. The gas is in thermal equilibrium with the walls of the container. As part of the kinetic theory of a gas pressure is explained as the macroscopic result of the forces involved by collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container. The pressure can thus be defined with reference to the microscopic properties of the gas. It is generally believed that there is more pressure if the particles are in the solid state, if they are in liquid state is minimal distance between them and finally if you are in the gaseous state are far apart. Indeed, for an ideal gas with N molecules , each moving mass m with a random speed average content in a cubic volume V of the gas particles impacting with the wall of the container in a manner that can be calculated in a statistical manner exchanging momentum with the walls in each shock and effecting a net force per unit area that is the pressure exerted by the gas on the solid surface. The pressure can be calculated with this formula: The equation above states that the gas pressure is directly dependent on the molecular kinetic energy. The ideal gas law allows us to ensure that the pressure is proportional to the absolute temperature. These two statements allow one of the most important statements of the kinetic theory: The average molecular energy is proportional to temperature. The proportional constant is 3/2 is the Boltzmann constant, which in turn is the ratio of the gas constant R between the Avogadro number. So in a few words, the kinetic theory is a physical theory, based on a few facts: The density of the gas is very small. Individually molecules move randomly and at different speeds, which increases or decreases while the temperature and the movement causes them from hitting each other, increasing the pressure when striking more times. The cohesive forces or intermolecular forces in gases are almost nil. If all of the molecules forming the gas are identical, is said to be a pure gas. Bibliography: http://www.chm.davidson.edu/vce/kineticmoleculartheory/basicconcepts.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_theory http://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/gases/kinetic/summary.html http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kinetic/kinthe.html

Romanticism and Realism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Romanticism and Realism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† (The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850) has a noteworthy comment on Hawthorne’s romantic style:    And now, my countrymen, as an excellent author, of your own flesh and blood,--an unimitating, and perhaps, in his way, an inimitable man--whom better can I commend to you, in the first place, than Nathaniel Hawthorne. He is one of the new, and far better generation of your writer. The smell of your beeches and hemlocks is upon him; your own broad prairies are in his soul; and if you travel away inland into his deep and noble nature, you will hear the far roar of his Niagara.    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† includes both the â€Å"inimitable,† nature-oriented style of romanticism as well as elements of realism.    M. H. Abrams defines romantic themes in prominent writers of this school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as being five in number: (1) innovations in the materials, forms and style; (2) that the work involve a â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†; (3) that external nature be a persistent subject with a â€Å"sensuous nuance† and accuracy in its description; (4) that the reader be invited to identify the protagonist with the author himself; and (5) that this be an age of â€Å"new beginnings and high possibilities† for the person (177-79).    Let us examine â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in light of the above. First of all, Hawthorne was a real innovator in his use of the psychological approach to characters within a story. A. N. Kaul considers Hawthorne â€Å"preeminently a ‘psychological’† writer – â€Å"burrowing, to his utmost ability, into the depths of our common nature, for the purposes of psychological romance. . . .† (2). Q. D. Leavis says: â€Å"Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin. . . . But in Hawthorne, by a wonderful feat of transmutation, it has no religious significance, it is as a psychological state that it is explored† (37). The reader experiences most of the story through the eyes and feelings of the protagonist, Goodman. In the following passage the reader is allowed, as is typical, to read his thoughts:    "Poor little Faith!" thought he, for his heart smote him. "What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too.

Compare contrast essay Essay

Novelist Paul Sheldon has plans to make the difficult transition from writing historical romances featuring heroine Misery Chastain to publishing literary fiction. Annie Wilkes, Sheldon’s number one fan, rescues the author from the scene of a car accident. The former nurse takes care of him in her remote house, but becomes irate when she discovers that the author has killed Misery off in his latest book. Annie keeps Sheldon prisoner while forcing him to write a book that brings Misery back to life. Compare & Contrast Essay â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by: William Faulkner & â€Å"Misery† by: Stephen King I’ve chosen to compare & contrast â€Å"A Rose for Emily† By: William Faulkner with â€Å"Misery† By: Stephen King, Obsessive women, broken ankles, trapped men & Suspenseful endings both of these stories have a lot in common. In Stephen King’s â€Å"Misery† A Famous Novelist named Paul Sheldon is transitioning his writing from Romance to Fiction. While on his way to Colorado from his winter hide away he is in a horrific car accident brought on by the harsh weather conditions. Thankfully the writer’s number one fan and former nurse Annie Wilkes lived nearby and saved Paul from freezing to  death. Annie Wilkes just like Miss Emily Grierson lived isolated and away from the world, though Miss Emily lived in the town & Annie Wilkes didn’t Miss Emily Isolated herself socially by not leaving her home nor opening the door when people of the town came by. Annie However, actually lived in an isolated cabin in the mountains. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† people of the town feel sorry for her because after losing her father (page: 207 she was sick for a long time), But not long after they began seeing her with a gentle man named Homer Barran. A construction worker who had come into town to pave the sidewalks. After a year of being with Homer the towns folk began saying they would marry even though Homer claimed to like men (page: 209, He was not a marrying man). One evening after  ending their relationship Homer went to see Miss Emily using rat poison she killed him and let everyone believe he left and went on with his life while she hid his remains. Annie Wilkes didn’t kill Paul Sheldon, but took advantage of the fact that he had been put in critical condition due to the car accident she removed him from. For weeks she held him captive until he gave her favorite novel the proper ending it deserved. After noticing his several, sneaky attempts to escape Annie straps Paul to the bed and cripples him by breaking both his ankles with a sledge hammer. Both of these women felt the need to keep these men hidden, trapped, and injured so they may stay with them forever. Miss Emily trapped Homer in death to stay with her since he had no interest in marrying her. In â€Å"Misery† Prior to having his ankles broken Paul finds newspaper clippings of previous victims of Annie where she was never convicted, He then realizes he may be next on her list. Soon after crippling Paul an officer drops by to see if Annie was aware that Novelist Paul Sheldon was missing and they were searching for him. Paul hears the officer and yells for help when Annie hears his screams she kills the officer and Paul is left once more to endure her gruesome punishment. Neither one of the men could predict what was going to happen to them, but Homer didn’t endure being tortured nor was he held captive for weeks. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Miss Emily was never caught nor suspected for the  disappearance of Homer. After the death of Miss Emily and after her services the town folk were curious to see  the inside of her home. (page 211, there was one room that no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced). After entering the room they noticed mens toiletries, suits, ties and a pair of shoes even more so they noticed the man in her bed, His well over rotten body lay there in a nightshirt and next to him they could see where Miss Emily would lay beside him every night after his death. Unlike Miss Emily Annie didn’t get away with what she did to Paul, after killing the officer Paul tricks her into buying Champagne and cigars to celebrate the return of Misery, while setting up for their night of celebration Paul lights the re-written novel on fire and throws it. Annie begins to put out the flame when Paul slams his typewriter on the top of her head and shoves pieces of the burned novel pages into her mouth, she then dies of a fractured skull. Sometime after Paul is rescued by police. Both of these stories where great and though they are in different settings the characters shared similar physiological problems and depression. I think if both of these women met and could ever be in the same story there would be gory, suspenseful, torturing of men. I would like to read a book where Stephen King and William Faulkner write a story sharing both their ideas, I think it would be very interesting, thrilling and great to read.

Group week

Cell phones are not only for personal use but they can come in handy for business purposes as well. There are many uses for cell phones in a business setting: internet, video calling testing and ability to use applications. With a cellular phone there really is no reason that you cannot be not accessible to your company. Many companies are now allowing cell phones in their businesses. But are there times that cell phones can be a hindrance for a many as well.There is a lot of new technology on cell phones, but some believe that it can be more of a negative impact than a positive one. In a retail setting cell phones can lead to bad customer service or can impede on customers privacy if employees are using their camera features. Cellular phones can also lead to employees to be unproductive. Microbiological: Microbiological can be used as real time communication and to help the company keep up with any complaints or to see what is needed to improve in their company.Microbiological is a way for people to tell about their day in random posts, this could help a company with networking. Microbiological is what people do when they are on Faceable or other Social networking sights. Microbiological is a shorter version of regular blobbing and can be used to promote business and have a more personal relationship with their customers. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is using a network of remote servers hosted on the internet to store, manage, and process data instead of storing the information on a coal server or personal computer.Cloud computing is good for business and can help reduce the security costs because when you store things within the company, the company can control who sees the information. Cloud computing is also a very easy way for employees to find and share information. Webzines: Webzines are popular when communicating in the business world. In the past companies were dependent on them for group training. This can be used throughout the country to help en courage people to get their points across.

Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Essay Example

Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Essay Example Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Essay Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Essay Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Introduction Far from its one time connection with carnivals, mediums, and the occult, hypnosis and the altered states of consciousness it helps create have proven to be a beneficial framework of reality in a number of circumstances. For example, countless numbers of people with chronic pain problems have learned the benefits of self-hypnosis to calm themselves and their reactions to physical pain. While the term â€Å"hypnosis† often carries a certain number of negative connotations that do not truly convey the beneficial and physiological relation response that is the legitimate hypnotic response, many people are still hesitant about the concept in general. The simple fact is that hypnosis is not a form of mind control and is not the will of one person being exerted over another. Hypnosis certainly cannot force someone to do something they would not normally do. It is neither a strange, mystical force or a state of being unconscious or out-of-control. What is hypnosis it is what the Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter (10/00) calls â€Å"really about a person taking control of his or her own mind and body† (pp. 4). Health professionals, mental health counselors, even sports performance consultants advocate hypnosis as a form of stress reduction, pain management and personal performance enhancement. The ability to harness and control one’s personal feelings and attitudes has proven to be immensely beneficial and offers potentials far beyond that of a some sort of self-proclaimed fakir performing tricks to make â€Å"members of the audience† dance on table tops or bark like dogs. Hypnosis actually has little to do with performing tricks or mind control and everything to do with reaching the inner stillness that exists at the core of all human consciousness and can serve as a guide and comfort in countless situations. The Benefits and Processes of Hypnosis Hypnosis is a process that leads an individual into a deep state of rest and relaxation that allows him or her to â€Å"release† physical or psychic pain or emotional negativity. It is possible to say that the process takes place through the conscious access of the unconscious mind. While such a statement may sound like double-speak, it is a verifiable and medically-proven means of relaxation, visualization, pain management, and self-awareness. Generally, the medical and psychological literature indicates that there are two primary characteristics of hypnosis. First, is the experience of steadily focusing on a specific â€Å"object. † This is not the Hollywood-created watch swinging back and forth on a chain in front of a person’s eyes. Instead, it may be something as innocuous as the individual’s own hand or painting on the wall of a hypno-therapist’s office. Focusing on a single object allows for a greater inward focus and the ability to ignore distractions. That ability and freedom then allows a person to better understand him/herself and their life. The second characteristic is that hypnosis actually leads to the experience of being relaxed and at ease. Under the best of circumstances, a subject’s body, mind, and emotions reach a natural, balanced state that can best be describes as relaxing, restful, calm, peaceful, and comforting. Like meditation, hypnosis allows a person to experience a clear and focused mind and permits a separation from the necessity of attending to the multitude of extraneous thoughts and concerns that so occupy the consciousness of most people. In this sense, the experience is accurately considered to be a return to a natural and balanced state of being. Such a state of being is generally a rarity in the modern world of information overload and the constant need to â€Å"multi-task† in terms of work, relationships, and even self-care. Hypnosis allows a person to disconnect from the chaos of the world and focus on the inner realities of his or her own consciousness. According to Jackson (1999), hypnotism has many applications in modern day life and researchers have repeatedly proven that therapists using suggestive techniques through hypnosis are able too alleviate pain and change behavior. He explains further that: â€Å"Psychiatrists, medical doctors and psychologists, along with a shadowy brigade of less credentialed practitioners, have used it for more than two centuries in one form or another to treat pain and illness. Since World War II, it has slipped quietly and discreetly into the clinical mainstream, to the point where the American Medical Association, many HMOs and even Medicare now recognize it† (pp. 126) He goes on to note that not only is hypnosis a useful and effective tool in dealing with therapeutic concerns, it is â€Å"employed today in the treatment of a variety of physical and mental afflictions, in combating phobias, in the control of bad habits like smoking and overeating, and in the all-embracing area of ‘performance enhancement’ for strivers ranging from sprinters to stockbrokers. Hypnosis is an idea whose time has come and gone and come again, and this time it appears to be staying† (pp. 126) Larkin (1999) explains further saying that â€Å"there is now evidence of a neurobiological basis for hypnosis† (pp. 386). She then quotes Donald Price of the University of Florida in Gainesville as saying that: â€Å"People think that during hypnosis, the brain goes to sleep. In fact, specific brain areas become activated† (pp. 386). The results of a study utilizing â€Å"positron emission tomography scans† were conducted on volunteers who had been led through a hypnotic relaxation exercise. The study’s results suggested that the â€Å"hypnotic trance state† differs from normal consciousness, and that it expedite the course of hypnotic suggestions. According to Larkin, Price says: â€Å"My idea is that when you’re hypnotized, you experience things automatically, not deliberately. If someone suggests that your arm is raising up, its as if your arm is doing it by itself† (pp. 386). Cowles (1998) explains: â€Å"The preconceptions of scientific, medical, and psychological professionals affecting hypnosis arise within a cognitive schema that details a particular view of the world we experience through our senses. Cognitive schemas create a context in which sensory experiences are organized, classified, and categorized in a systematic way. This allows us to quickly and critically evaluate information and make comparisons† (pp. 357). Considering such a fact helps to explain the hesitancy some people, both therapists and clients, may feel regarding accessing a way of knowing that does not neatly fit into the file marked â€Å"cognitive† or â€Å"literal interpretation. † Hypnosis is a state of focused awareness. It is something everyone in every walk of life has experienced at one time or another, for example the process of waking up or in becoming thoroughly absorbed in a good book. The characteristics of the state vary from person to person; it cannot be pinpointed on an EEG and the experience is different for everyone even though there are common elements. But the fact remains that hypnosis does not have a unique and unmistakable insignia indicating its presence. Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis Bancroft (1998) explains that altered states of consciousness can serve to promote psychological growth in a multiple of ways. â€Å"Altered states have the ability to change a persons perspective of themselves. Consciousness tries to be objectified, but it is subjective. By changing one’s internal perceptions reality changes. Altered states provide the means by which the ability to experience a different self-image/concept is available† (altered_states/altered_states. html). This allows a person to potentially manifest new abilities, move beyond limitations from past negative experiences, and break out of socially imposed constraints. Bancroft adds that: â€Å"Altered states can serve as a vehicle for a person to move beyond the confines of logical/rational thought. The ability to perceive a situation from an entirely different viewpoint is known to produce insights, creative solutions, and psychological breakthroughs. Rather than being locked into logical assessments a person can suspend deep seated assumptions (beliefs) through the use of altered states† (altered_states/altered_states. tml). One can address the issue of the value associated in the profession of virtually any form of psychotherapy from both subjective and purely objective viewpoints. It should be noted that the vast majority of those who enter the practice of psychotherapy do so because of their very genuine desire to help other people. Therefore, they are generally willing to ex plore what some may consider as â€Å"alternative† practices, the category hypnotherapy and hypnosis are usually classified under. Far too often, the use of hypnosis in helping people has been damaged by ignorant or unscrupulous practitioners who put ideological and self-promotional goals before the welfare of their patients. The resulting backlash, causes those not involved in the controversy to question the importance or effectiveness of psychotherapy. What the general public needs to understand is that mental health counseling, psychotherapy, and other forms of assistance in dealing with the difficulties associated with daily life are all based on an understanding of conscious and unconscious mental functioning. Clearly, one avenue of that functioning is seen in the process of hypnosis. Spiegel (1998) explains: The hypnotic state is one in which highly focused attention (absorption) is coupled, usually, with physical relaxation, heightened responsiveness to social cues (suggestibility), and an increased capacity to cut off from awareness certain perceptions, memories, and other aspects of consciousness (dissociation). The state can be entered and left in seconds; long-winded inductions and dangling watches are not necessary† (pp. 5). Spiegel (1998) also points out that hypnosis typically occupies an â€Å"unusual place† in that dynamic of understanding of conscious and unconscious experience and reaction and that it is â€Å"sometimes overvalued and sometimes given no respect at all. Both its benefits and its risks have been exaggerated, but hypnosis persists despite excesses of flattery and contempt because of its many clinical uses. It an excellent way to mobilize a patients resources to alter physical sensations, moderate stress reactions and other psychiatric symptoms, and enhance emotional sensitivity† (pp. ). Such a process of alteration then leads to a new way of thinking and a new way of directing intention and attitude that can help break negative patterns of thinking and/or behavior. Certainly, no reputable counselor would suggest that hypnosis is the proverbial â€Å"be all and all. † It is, however, and effective tool and the person who most wants to assist others in their cogniti ve and emotional responses should take full advantage of any tool at their disposal that could help in the process. Being in an altered states can promote psychological growth through the freeing of a passageway for cognitive and emotional expression. It is important to understand that the release of stress, emotional hardships, mental confusion, and negative thoughts is much more easily attainable in an altered state. A person’s dreams present a healthy channel for the expression of unconscious concerns and ideas. And meditation serves as a valuable tool for the expression of one’s spirituality and self-awareness. Therefore, a combination of both dreams and meditation can produce a remarkably advantageous experience for the subject since hypnosis serves as that sort of blend. Mentally (and artificially) constructed barriers may rapidly fade away in an altered state resulting in the always-gratifying experience of interconnection, peace, contentment, and a sense of unity with the universe. Cowles (1998) also believes that hypnosis is often disregarded and undervalued because it cannot be currently explained by natural science or scientific method. He suggests that perception prefigures embodiment and, therefore, creates the power of suggestion. â€Å"As an individuals preconception of hypnosis often makes him or her wary and mistrustful of undergoing the experience, so too, scientific researchers’ preconceptions can prevent professionals from fully accepting the actual observed phenomenal experiences of hypnosis† (pp. 357). Regardless of such a concern, the fact remains that hypnosis can serve as a valuable means by which a therapist and client may work together in a realm that lies outside what would be most often thought of as daily reality and conscious thought. Access to such a different â€Å"channel† of awareness cannot help but assist in the larger processes of people understanding one another and themselves. Conclusion Hypnosis has few downsides other than how it is perceived by many. Baker (1998) makes an extremely valid point when he notes: â€Å"Ultimately, all hypnosis is self-hypnosis. It is a serious misunderstanding to credit hypnotists with special powers or arcane techniques. Hypnotic subjects are always in control of their mental processes. They have made a kind of social contract to comply with the hypnotist’s suggestions, which in effect are merely requests† (pp. ). Hypnosis allows for the greatest possible use of the imagination and encourages a relaxation process that cannot often be equaled in any other framework of consciousness. Baker also comments: â€Å"The legendary psychotherapist Milton Erickson, when asked to provide his definition of hypnosis, responded, It’s concentrating on your tho ughts, values, memories, and beliefs about life. This definition is the simple truth† (pp. 6). In accessing that â€Å"simple truth† both the client and the hypnotist are able to gain a greater understanding of the processes and the motivations of the person under hypnosis. Often, the clarity presented through a hypnotic state allows for an emotional or intellectual breakthrough in understanding that serves to help a person expand beyond whatever constrictions had been holding them back from being more closely aligned with their true nature and more aware of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs that they most value. BIBLIOGRAPHY Baker, Robert A. (1998, February) A view of hypnosis. Harvard Mental Health Letter, v14 n8, pp. 5(2). Bancroft, Mark (1998) Altered states and psychological growth, EnSpire Press, enspire. com/hypnosis_information_articles/altered_states/altered_states. tml Cowles, Richard S. (1998, July) The magic of hypnosis: is it child’s play? The Journal of Psychology, v132 n4, pp. 357(10). Jackson, Donald Dale (1999, March) You will feel no pain (hypnosis), Smithsonian, v29 i12, p126(1) Larkin, Marilynn (1999, January 30) Hypnosis makes headway in the clinic, The Lancet, v353 i9150, pp. 386(1). Spiegel, David (1998, September) Hypnosi s. Harvard Mental Health Letter, v15 n3, pp. 5(2). _____, (2000, October) Hypnosis: Controlling the pain, controlling your health, Tufts University Health Nutrition Letter, v18 i8, pp. 4.